LEC真题解析 | Unilateral Contract

发表时间:2025-11-07 10:13作者:法平教育



— Unilateral Contract —

LEC真题

合同法部分



Mustapha Mustang was a well-known rodeo rider living in Amarillo, Texas. One day Brutus Brinkman approached Mustapha and said, “If you will ride my brahma bull for one minute, I will pay you $600.” Mustapha then went and purchased a special saddle for the bull ride. After saddling Brinkman’s bull, Mustapha mounted up and started riding when Brinkman suddenly shouted, “I revoke my offer!”


If Mustapha thereafter goes ahead and rides the bull for one minute, will he recover the $600?


A. No, because Brinkman’s revocation was effective since Mustapha had not completed performance.

B. Yes, because there was an offer for a unilateral contract that became irrevocable prior to Brinkman’s attempted revocation.

C. Yes, under the doctrine of estoppel in pais.

D. Yes, under the doctrine of quasi-contract.


题干理解


01

案情概述

Mustapha Mustang 是德克萨斯州一位**的牛仔。Brutus Brinkman 对他说:“如果你能骑我的公牛一分钟,我给你600美元。”


Mustapha 为此购买了专用马鞍(花了成本),并且已经:给公牛装好鞍具(准备履行),骑上了牛(开始履行)。


就在这时,Brinkman 大喊:“我要撤销我的要约!”


问题: 如果 Mustapha 仍然骑完一分钟,他是否可以索要这600美元?


02

法律问题(Legal Issue)

当 Mustapha 已经开始履行单诺合同(unilateral contract)的要约时,要约人是否还能撤销要约?



考查要点


⚖️ 1. 单诺合同(Unilateral Contract)

定义:要约人(offeror)承诺在受要约人(offeree)完成特定行为(performance)时支付报酬。

e.g., “If you do X, I will pay you Y.”


受要约人不需事先承诺(no promise needed),只要开始履行(begin performance)即可接受要约。



⚖️ 2. 撤销规则(Revocation Rule)

一般原则(普通合同原则),要约可在被接受之前随时撤销,因为“没有形成合同”。

但在单诺合同(unilateral contract)中,法律考虑到公平性,确立了例外规则。


⚖️ 3. (例外)规则:Restatement (Second) of Contracts §45

Once the offeree begins the requested performance, the offer becomes irrevocable for a reasonable time to allow completion of performance.


一旦受要约人开始履行所要求的行为,该要约在合理时间内变为不可撤销(irrevocable),以便受要约人完成履行。


这一规则旨在防止不公平。即,受要约人一旦投入行动(尤其是付出成本或风险),要约人就不能中途“反悔”。



真题解析


“If you ride my bull for one minute, I’ll pay you $600.”

可见,双方之间的合同是一个典型的单诺合同。


Mustapha 已经:
1. 花钱购买鞍具(准备阶段),
2. 给牛装鞍并开始骑(开始履行)。


根据 Restatement (Second) §45,一旦 Mustapha 开始履行(mounting the bull and starting to ride),要约即成为不可撤销(irrevocable)。所以,Brinkman 的“撤销”无效。


因此,Mustapha 骑牛一分钟后,有权索要 600 美元。选项B正确,因为单诺合同的要约在开始履行后不可撤销。




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